The benefits of drinking camel urine

Praise be to Allaah.

The hadeeth referred to by the questioner is a saheeh hadeeth, in which it says that some people came to Madeenah and fell sick. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told them to drink the milk and urine of camels, and they recovered and grew fat. In the story it also says that they apostatized and killed the camel-herder, then the Muslims caught them and executed them. Narrated by al-Bukhaari (2855) and Muslim (1671).

With regard to the health benefits of drinking the milk and urine of camels, they are many, and they are well known to the earlier generations of medical science and they have been proven by modern scientific research.

Ibn al-Qayyim said:

The author of al-Qanoon (the Canon) – i.e. the doctor Ibn Seena (Avicenna) – said:

The most beneficial of urine is the urine of Bedouin camels which are called najeeb. End quote.

Zaad al-Ma’aad (4/47, 48).

In the Emirati newspaper al-Ittihaad (issue no. 11172, Sunday 6 Muharram 1427 AH/5 February 2006) it says:

One of the most important things for which camels are raised is their milk, which is efficacious in treating many illnesses, including hepatitis, and the digestive system in general, various types of cancer and other diseases.

In an article by Dr Ahlaam al-‘Awadi, which was published in al-Da’wah magazine, issue no. 1938, 25 Safar 1425 AH/15 April 2004 CE, about the diseases which can be treated with camel’s milk, as proven by experience, it says that there are many benefits in camel’s milk. There follows some of what was said in the article by Dr. Ahlaam:

Camel’s urine is efficacious in the treatment of skin diseases such as ringworm, tinea and abscesses, sores that may appear on the body and hair, and dry and wet ulcers. Camel’s urine brings the secondary benefits of making the hair lustrous and thick, and removing dandruff from the scalp. Camel’s milk is also beneficial in treating hepatitis, even if it has reached an advanced stage where medicine is unable to treat it. End quote.

In the al-Jazeerah al-Sa’oodiyyah newspaper (issue no. 10132, Rabee’ al-Awwal 1421 AH) there is a quotation from the book Al-Ibl Asraar wa i’jaaz (The camel: secrets and wonders) by Darmaan ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azeez Aal Darmaan and Sanad ibn Mutlaq al-Subay’i:

As for camel’s urine, the book suggests that it has numerous uses which are beneficial for man. This is indicated by the Prophetic texts and confirmed by modern science … Scientific experiments have proven that camel’s urine has a lethal effect on the germs that cause many diseases.

Among the uses of camel’s urine, many women use it to wash their hair, to make it longer, and to make it lighter and more lustrous. Camel’s urine is also efficacious in the treatment of swelling of the liver and other diseases such as abscesses, sores that appear on the body and toothache, and for washing eyes. End quote.

Prof. Dr. ‘Abd al-Fattaah Mahmoud Idrees says: With regard to the benefits of camel’s urine in treating disease, Ibn Seena said in his Qanoon: The most beneficial of urine is the urine of the Bedouin camels known as najeeb. Camel’s urine is beneficial in treating al-hazaaz, and it was said that al-hazzaz is a pain in the heart caused by anger and so on. Camel’s urine, especially the urine of a young she-camel – is used as a cleansing substance to wash wounds and sores, to make the hair grow, to strengthen and thicken it and to prevent it falling out, and it is used to treat diseases of the scalp and dandruff. In a Master’s thesis by an engineer in applied chemistry, Muhammad Awhaaj Muhammad, that was submitted to the faculty of applied chemistry in the al-Jazeerah university in Sudan, and approved by the Dean of science and postgraduate studies in the university in November 1998 CE, entitled A Study of the Chemical Composition and Some Medical Uses of the Urine of Arabian Camels, Muhammad Awhaaj says:

Laboratory tests indicate that camel’s urine contains high levels of potassium, albuminous proteins, and small amounts of uric acid, sodium and creatine.

In this study, he explained that what prompted him to study the medicinal properties of camel’s urine was what he had seen of some tribesmen drinking this urine whenever they suffered digestion problems. He sought the help of some doctors in studying camel’s urine. They brought a number of patients and prescribed this urine for them, for a period of two months. Their bodies recovered from what they had been suffering from, which proves the efficacy of camel’s urine in treating some diseases of the digestive system.

It also proves that this urine is useful in preventing hair loss. He says:

Camel’s urine acts as a slow-acting diuretic, but it does not deplete potassium and other salts as other diuretics do, because camel’s urine contains a high level of potassium and proteins. It has also been proven to be effective against some types of bacteria and viruses. It brought about an improvement in the condition of twenty-five patients who used camel’s urine for dropsy, without disrupting their potassium levels. Two of them were cured of liver pain, and their liver function was restored to normal levels, as well as the tissue of the liver being improved. One of the medicines used to treat blood clots is a compound called Fibrinoltics which works by changing a substance in the body from its inactive form, Plasminogen, to its active form, Plasmin, in order to dissolve the substance that causes clotting, Fibrin. One of the components of this compound is called Urokinase, which is produced by the kidneys or from the urine, as indicated by the name “uro”.

The dean of the Faculty of Medical Science in the Sudanese al-Jazeerah university, Professor Ahmad ‘Abd-Allaah Ahmadaani, has discovered a practical way of using camel’s urine to treat dropsy and swelling in the liver. Its success has been proven in treating those who are affected by these diseases. He said in a seminar organized by the al-Jazeerah University:

The experiment began by giving each patient a daily dose of camel’s urine mixed with camel’s milk to make it palatable. Fifteen days after the beginning of the experiment, the patients’ stomachs grew smaller and went back to their normal size. 

He said that he examined the patients’ livers with ultrasound before the study began, and he found out that the livers of fifteen out of the twenty-five were in a cirrhotic state, and some of them had developed cirrhosis of the liver as the result of bilharzia. All of the patients responded to treatment with camel’s urine, and some of them continued, by their own choice, to drink a dose of camel’s urine every day for a further two months. At the end of that time, they were all found to have been cured of cirrhosis of the liver. He said: Camel’s urine contains a large amount of potassium, as well as albumen and magnesium, because the camel only drinks four times during the summer and once during the winter, which makes it retain water in its body so as to preserve the sodium, and the sodium causes it not to urinate a great deal, because it keeps the water in its body.

He explained that dropsy results from a deficiency of albumen or potassium, and the urine of camels in rich in both of these.

He suggested that the best type of camels for using the urine as a remedy are young camels.

Dr. Ahlaam al-‘Awadi, a specialist in microbiology in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, supervised some scientific papers that dealt with her discoveries in the usage of camel’s urine for medical treatment, such as the papers by ‘Awaatif al-Jadeedi and Manaal al-Qattaan. During her supervision of the paper by Manaal al-Qattaan, she succeeded in confirming the effectiveness of using a preparation made from camel’s urine which was the first antibiotic produced in this manner anywhere in the world. Concerning the features of this new product, Dr. Ahlaam said:

It is not costly, and it is easy to manufacture. It can be used to treat skin diseases such as eczema, allergies, sores, burns, acne, nail infections, cancer, hepatitis and dropsy with no harmful side effects.

And she said:

Camel’s urine contains a number of healing factors such as antibiotics (bacteria that are present in it, salts and urea).  The camel possesses an immune system that is highly equipped to combat funguses, bacteria and viruses, because it contains antibodies. It may also be used to treat blood clots and fibrinolytics may be derived from it, and it may be used to treat dropsy (which is caused by a deficiency in albumen and potassium, as camel’s urine is rich in both). Camel’s urine may also provide a remedy for abdominal complaints, especially those of the stomach and intestines, as well as asthma and shortness of breath. It caused a noticeable reduction in patients’ sugar levels. It is a remedy for low libido, and it aids in bone growth in children and in strengthening the heart muscles. It may be used as a cleansing agent for cleaning wounds and sores, especially the urine of young she-camels. It also helps the hair to grow and become strong and thick, and it helps to prevent hair loss and baldness, and can be used to treat dandruff. Camel’s urine may also be used to combat disease by using bacteria extracted from it. It was used to treat a girl who was suffering from an infection behind the ear, that was accompanied by pus weeping from it and painful cracks and sores. It was also used to treat a girl who was unable to extend the fingers of her hands because of the presence of so many cracks and sores, and whose face was almost black with pimples. Dr. Ahlaam said:

Camel’s urine may also be used to treat the digestive system and to treat some cases of cancer. She stated that the research that she had undertaken on camel’s urine proved that it was effective in destroying micro-organisms such as fungus, yeast and bacteria.

Dr. Rahmah al-‘Ulyaani, who is also from Saudi Arabia, carried out tests on rabbits infected with bacteria in the colon. She treated each group of rabbits with a different kind of medicine, including camel’s urine. There was a noticeable regression in the rabbits that were treated with other medicines, except for camel’s urine, which brought about a clear improvement.

Majallat al-Jundi al-Muslim, issue no. 118, 20 Dhu’l-Qa’dah 1425 AH; 1 January 2005 CE.

Allaah calls upon us to ponder the creation of the camel, as He says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Do they not look at the camels, how they are created?”

[al-Ghaashiyah 88:17]

This pondering is not limited to the outward form of the camel, or even to the inner workings of its body, rather it also includes that which we have discussed here, which is the benefits of the urine and milk of the camel. Modern scientific research is still discovering for us many of the wonders of this creature.

And Allaah knows best.

Source: https://islamqa.info

Widespread Calamities Upon Muslims: Causes & Cures

by: Mufti Muhammad Fārūq Meeruti

Heaps of Disgrace

“Verily Allah does not change the condition of a people unless they change it themselves.” (Qur’an 13:11)

The Muslim is daily faced by a host of new problems and difficulties. Now and again, reports of untold oppression and barbarism against Muslims are received. Their lives, property and self-respect is trampled upon and worse than that, their religious matters are tampered and interfered with, their Masjids are under constant threat of being converted into temples and are disallowed proper implementation of their (Muslim) personal law.

Our Blindness

Despite this, the Muslim considers these to be chance occurrences or mere coincidences, thus never pausing to even consider the actual cause and reason behind this suffering. At the most, a few concerned souls, who are momentarily stirred by this state of affairs, call up some fancy conference, pass a few vague resolutions and disappear back into oblivion, contented that they have fulfilled their duties towards Islam.

The Diagnosis

A dire need exists for us to study the Qur’an and Hadith and thereby realize the primary cause for our disgrace and downfall. It is an undisputed axiom of reality that no incident occurs in this universe accidentally. We as Muslims believe that every occurrence is directly by the command and doing of Almighty Allah. However, every occurrence has been assigned an outward cause that apparently seems to control and govern it. Thus our difficulties are also governed by causes which Allah and His Rasul صلى الله عليه وسلم have explained to us in the Qur’an and Hadith:

“And whatever calamity befalls you, it is due to your own doings and Allah forgives many of your shortcomings.” (Qur’an 42:30)

At another juncture:

“Corruption has spread on water and land due to the doings of mankind in order that Allah make them taste the penalty of some of their doings. Perhaps they may retract (from their disobedience).” (Qur’an 30:41)

At another juncture:

“Why would Allah punish you if you were grateful and believed. And Allah is Most Appreciative, All-Knowing.” (Qur’an 4:147)

All these verses indicate that the chastisement of Allah is the direct result of our disobedience, ungratefulness, and transgression. On the other hand, if we are obedient and grateful, no punishment will overtake us.

Gratefulness

Proper appreciation of Allah’s bounties is the correct utilization of these favours. To utilize life, health, faculties of sight, hearing, feeling, thinking, locomotion, finances, status and position, all for the pleasure of Allah and in accordance with His commandments is true appreciation of Allah’s bounties. The anti-thesis of this is ungratefulness, which invites the wrath and displeasure of Allah.

Heavenly Blessings (Barakah)

Adopting a life of taqwa (piety) i.e. fulfilling all the commands of the Shari’ah and abstaining from the prohibitions is the cause of blessings descending from the heavens.

“If the people of the locality had believed and adopted taqwa (piety), We would have opened upon them the blessings of the heavens and the earth; but they denied and falsified, thus We seized them due to their actions.” (Qur’an, 7:96)

There are numerous verses and hadiths to this effect.

The Consequences of Sin

With regards to the verse:

“And whatever calamity befalls you, it is due to your own doings.” (Qur’an 42:30)

Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم explained the tafsīr of this verse to Hadrat Ali رضي الله عنه thus:

“O Ali! whatever calamity befalls you: illness, affliction or any worldly calamity, it is the earning of your own hands.”

Hadrat Hasan رضي الله عنه reports that Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم said:

“By Him in whose control is my life! Any scratch, twitching of veins, slipping of the foot or a flying stone suddenly striking the body; all are due to the committing of sins.”

Hadrat Abu Musa رضي الله عنه reports that Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم said:

“A wound or any slighter calamity is due to the commission of sins.”

Hadrat Imrān bin Husain رضي الله عنه once felt ill. People came to pay him a visit and expressed their condolences. He replied: “What is achieved by condolences? This is due to some sin I have committed.”

Hadrat Dahhak reports, “A person who forgets the Qur’an after learning it is due to committing sins.” Thereafter he recited this verse and said, “What could be a greater calamity than forgetting the Qur’an?”

Once Asmā bint Abi Bakr رضي الله عنه experienced a headache. She exclaimed, “This is due to my sins.”  (Durr al-Manthūr, Ibn Kathīr)

Our Condition

Let us now examine our lifestyles. Salāt, which has been described as the criterion between Imān and Kufr (disbelief), how much does it feature in the life of the Muslims? How many are there who are punctual with their obligatory salāt? How many adhere to the other basic requirements of Islam such as fasting, zakat, and hajj? On the other hand, consider the prohibitions of Islam, those actions that the Shari’ah has declared harām and a source of Divine curses and harsh reprisals. How many Muslims are engrossed in these day and night? How many have adopted these as part of their lifestyle?

Liquor

Let us consider liquor for example. The Qur’an has repeatedly forbidden the intake of liquor.

Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم has cursed anyone associated with liquor in anyway. He has cursed the consumer, the stockist, the manufacturer, the marketer, the buyer, the seller, the transporter, the receiver and those that derived any income from it.

In one hadith it has been titled as “the root to all evil.”

Interest and Usury

The Qur’an has declared the prohibition of interest. The Qur’an has equated the usage of interest tantamount to declaring war upon Allah and His Rasul صلى الله عليه وسلم.

The hadith has classified interest as a conglomeration of 73 sins, the slightest of these being equal to fornicating with one’s own mother.

One hadith warns that the consumer of interest will rise as a lunatic on the Day of Qiyamah.

Another hadith warns that the part of the human body that was nourished by harām income, will not enter Jannah.

One hadith states that the nation that has taken to fornication and interest should await the chastisement of Allah.

Let us now consider how clear our dealings and transactions are! Interest forms an integral part of our business dealings. Worse than that, desperate attempts are being made to even legalize it (Islamically).

Various Major Sins

[‘Ali bin Abi Talib رضي الله عنه narrated that the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “When my Ummah does fifteen things, the afflictions will occur in it.”

It was said: “What are they O Messenger of Allah?”

He said: “When the spoils of war are distributed (preferentially), trust is usurped, zakāt is a fine, a man obeys his wife and disobeys his mother, he is kind to his friend and abandons his father, voices are raised in the Masājid, the leader of the people is the most despicable among them, the most honored man is the one whose evil the people are afraid of, intoxicants are drunk, silk is worn (by males), there is a fascination for singing slave-girls and music, and the end of this Ummah curses its beginning. When that occurs, anticipate a red wind, collapsing of the earth, and transformation.” (Tirmidhi, 2210)] [1]

Hadrat Abdullah bin Abbas رضي الله عنه states:

“The nation that is involved in misappropriation of trust (embezzlement), Allah will fill their hearts with terror for their enemies. The nation that is engaged in fornication will experience great numbers of death. The nation that cheats in measure will have their sustenance curtailed. The nation that legislates against the truth and justice, will experience great bloodshed; and the nation that breaks its contracts will be subdued by the enemy.” (Mishkāt)

Which of these sins are not the daily lifestyle of most Muslims today? It is no cause of surprise if we are now afflicted by various calamities.

Adultery

Hadrat Abdullah bin Umar رضي الله عنه reports that Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم said:

“O Muhajireen! Five things are such that if you are involved in them – may Allah not cause you to be involved in them – then the punishment of Allah will descend upon you. The nation that is openly involved in zina (fornication) will become afflicted by plague and other such diseases that were never heard of before. Those that cheat in measuring will be afflicted by poverty, hardship, and oppression. Those that default in the paying of zakāt will be afflicted by drought. Had it not been for the animals, not a drop of rain would have fallen. Those that transgress the bounds of Allah and His Rasul will be overcome by the enemy. As for those that legislate unjustly, they will be involved in internecine fighting.”

It is also reported in a hadith that fornication and adultery cause poverty.

Many hadiths report curses upon the briber and the accepter of bribes and even upon the intermediary in such dealings.

Bribery

In one hadith, it is reported that the nation that breaks its promises will be involved in internal strife and conflicts.

In one hadith it is reported that those accustomed to dealings in bribery will become greatly awe-struck and fearful (of everyone).

False Oaths

It is reported in one hadith that the sin that is extremely swift in inviting the punishment of Allah is oppression and false oaths. This causes wealth to be destroyed and women to become barren, and annihilates entire populations (by high death rates).

Disobedience to Parents

In one hadith it is reported that Allah withholds punishments until He desires, but disobedience to parents brings instant chastisement and the punishment is meted out before death even.

In one hadith it is narrated: Remain chaste, your wives will also remain chaste; and be obedient towards your parents, your children will be obedient to you.

Enjoining Right and Forbidding Evil

It is reported in one hadith that Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “By Him in whose control is my life! You should continue to enjoin the right and forbid the wrong, or else Allah will send down such a punishment upon you that you will make du’a unto Him and He will not accept your du’as.”

In one hadith it is reported that Allah does not punish a whole community on the sins of a small group of people until these people transgress openly in front of such people who have the power of preventing them and yet do not do so. The punishment of Allah then overtakes all. The du’as of the pious will then be of no avail to anyone.

It is due to overlooking such regulations that day-by-day we are observing greater calamities, disasters, destruction, violence, diseases, accidents involving planes, trains, ships, and cars. Now that the regulations of amr bi al-ma’rūf wa nahī ‘an al-munkar (enjoining right and forbidding evil) have been almost completely discarded, there is no hope of even acceptance of our du’as.

Oppression and Injustice

It is reported in one hadith: Do not oppress, or else your du’as will be rejected.

In one hadith it is narrated that Allah grants respite to the oppressor; but when He seizes him, he cannot escape punishment.

In one narration it comes that the du’a of the oppressed is accepted even though he be a sinner or even a disbeliever.

In another hadith: He who does not show mercy upon the creation, Allah will not show mercy upon him.

Hadrat Sufyan Thawri (ra) reports:

Once the Banu Isrā’īl were terribly afflicted by famine for seven years. They eventually began to consume the meat of dead animals and finally human corpses. Out of sheer desperation they climbed upon mountain tops and cried out in anguish. Allah (SWT) revealed to one of their Prophets that had they raised their hands right into the sky and had their tongues dried out, I will not accept their du’as until they do not return the rights of the oppressed amongst them.

Let us now consider the present condition of oppression throughout the world and understand the extent of Allah’s displeasure with us.

Charity

It is reported in one hadith that charity does not decrease wealth, forgiveness increases ones respect, and begging opens the door of poverty.

Dishonoring the Ulama

It is reported in one hadith: When my ummah will despise their Ulema, be extravagant in beautifying their businesses, and will consider marriage proposals on the basis of wealth, then Allah will afflict them with four punishments: drought, oppression, misappropriation of their wealth by their leaders and enemy attacks.

Sins

Hadrat Ali رضي الله عنه reports that the worldly chastisements for committing sins are lethargy in worship, restriction in sustenance, and decrease in pleasure.

Wudū

Hadrat Anas رضي الله عنه reports that Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Be meticulous in performing wudū (with all it’s etiquettes), your lifespan will increase and your protecting angels will love you; observe your (nafl) prayers in your home, it will enhance the blessings of your home; and make salām to your family when you enter your home, the blessings of it will permeate you and your family.

‘Ibādah

As we constantly complain about “hard times” and poverty, have we ever pondered on what Allah (SWT) has to say: O son of Adam! Free yourself for My ibadah, I will fill your heart with contentment and independence, and I will remove your poverty. If you do not do so, I will engross you in your occupations and (yet) I will not remove your poverty.

In one hadith it is narrated: If my servants obey me dutifully, I will send rain at night and sunshine during the day (that they be not frightened by the lightning and thunder).

Our Example

How cruel have we been upon ourselves that due to our sins we are constantly involving ourselves in disasters and calamities? At the same time, we continuously lament and wail away at our pathetic condition. Our example is like that of a person suffering from diarrhea and yet continues to take laxatives, complaining all the time of diarrhea. What could be said to such a fool?

Oppressive Leaders

In a similar way, today we complain about the oppression of our leaders, whereas these leaders have been appointed over us due to our transgressions. The only salvation from them is through tawbah and perfect obedience to Allah’s commands.

Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Just as you (i.e. your actions) are, so will your rulers be.

In another hadith, it is reported:

I am Allah, there is no deity besides Me, I am the King of Kings and the Master of Kings, the heart of Kings are within My control. When My servants are obedient to me, I make their rulers kind-hearted towards them. When they disobey Me, I turn their rulers against them with anger and tyranny, they then oppress them severely. Therefore, instead of cursing them, turn towards me in remembrance and submission, I will protect you against their tyranny.

In the Qur’an, Allah (SWT) states:

“And thus We subjugate some oppressors to other (oppressors) due to their doings.” (Qur’an 6:129)

There are various views to this verse.

Imam A`mash’s view is that when people’s actions become corrupt, then Allah appoints the most oppressive people as leaders over them.

In one hadith it is reported: When Allah desires the felicity of a nation, He makes the tolerant amongst them their leaders, the Ulama their arbitrators, and the generous their wealthy. And on the other hand, when He desires the torment of a nation, He appoints their foolish as their leaders, the ignorant as arbitrators, and the miserly as their wealthy.

In one hadith it is reported: Do not engross yourselves in cursing and abusing your rulers. In fact you should gain the proximity of Allah (through obedience) and make du’a on their behalf, Allah will turn their hearts towards you in mercy and kindness.

A pious person once overheard someone cursing Hajjāj (the notorious tyrant). He prevented him from this, saying: Whatever is happening is the result of your own actions. I fear that if Hajjāj is deposed or expires, monkeys and swine be made rulers over you.

It is a popular adage: “Your actions are your rulers.” In other words, [based upon] your actions will your rulers treat you.

If the prince is rebellious, the king will appoint an ordinary citizen to whip him. The prince will be totally helpless to take any action against him, because he is backed by the king. His salvation is only in entreating the king for mercy and apologizing to him. Now, let alone an ordinary citizen, not even a high-ranking minister or official has the right to touch the prince. This is the example of the Muslim ummah. If we are disobedient to Allah, He appoints the weakest of nations upon us. They torture and oppress us most mercilessly. Our only salvation is by turning to Allah in sincere regret and repentance. Then no nation – not even the so called superpowers – will have the courage to stare at us!

Time and again, we are crushed by disasters and calamities. Our laments, complaints, and wailing never end. Yet, when our shortcomings are pointed out to us, we remain totally indifferent and heedless. Never have we even attempted to bring about any reform within ourselves. Never have we attempted to avoid those destructive sins and crimes that are the direct sources of our misery and suffering. It is most astonishing that when an ordinary doctor warns of some epidemic, we are hasty to inoculate ourselves; when an ordinary laborer warns about the presence of a poisonous snake in the vicinity, not even the bravest person will venture in that direction. Yet, when Allah and His Rasul صلى الله عليه وسلم are consistently guiding us towards our success and warning us against our destruction (with the greatest of concern and sincerity) we remain totally unmoved and heedless, and we plunge headlong into those very pitfalls of destruction.

Our only road to success and glory is total obedience to Allah and His Rasul صلى الله عليه وسلم, and following step-by-step the path treaded by our pious predecessors.

Jungles Cleared

History proves that this is how the Muslim will attain victory and glory over the world. This is how the Muslims of yonder, despite being in the minority, conquered city after city, country after country, and ruled the world over centuries. Then not only did they rule over land and people; they even ruled over animals and the elements of nature.

When the army of the Sahabah stood on the shore of Africa’s formidable jungles, then the commander-in-chief, Hadrat Uqba رضي الله عنه made an announcement to the speechless inhabitants of the jungle: “O denizens of the jungle! We are the Sahabah on our mission. We request you to clear this jungle. After this ultimatum if any of you are found herein, we will kill you!”

Hardly was this announcement completed that streams of deadly animals, herding away their young ones, were seen exiting the jungle as swiftly as possibly.

Lions Tamed

A Sahabi, Hadrat Safīnah رضي الله عنه, once lost his way and strayed away into a jungle. Suddenly a lion appeared. He introduced himself to the lion and explained his plight to it. Waging its tail like a subdued puppy, the lion led the way for him, growling away any would-be attackers, and finally led him to a clearing where an army of the Sahabah رضي الله عنه was encamped.

Seas Subjugated

In the battle of Madāin, the Sahabah needed to cross a stormy sea in order to reach the enemy shores. There were no ships available. Hadrat Sa’ad رضي الله عنه instructed his army to plunge into the sea in pairs of two. The horses pranced across the water most calmly. Hadrat Sa’ad رضي الله عنه was heard saying: “Verily Allah will certainly assist His friends; Allah will certainly grant them victory over their enemies until they do not commit injustices or until their vices do not overpower their virtues.”

Similar is the incident of Hadrat Ala bin Hadhrami who crossed the sea with an army of four thousand soldiers. Such was their crossing that not even the hooves of the horses became wet.

Errors

Yet a slight error from even the Sahabah led to difficulties and suffering. The battle of Uhud is a classical example. A winning battle almost resulted in defeat merely because a few Sahabah erred in carrying out the instructions of Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم to the letter.

In the battle of Hunayn, a boastful remark by some soldiers resulted in severe setback for the Muslims. Through the graces of Allah, they were ultimately victorious.

In the battle against the murtads (renegades) of the Bani Hanifah, a chance remark by Hadrat Khalid رضي الله عنه almost turned the tables, and the Muslims had to put up with most formidable resistance.

At times, discarding a sunnah resulted in the frustrating delay of victory. The Sahabah constantly feared any violation of the Shari’ah, realizing that this produced adverse effects on their victory and success. For this reason, the Khalīfa always emphasized upon them the importance of the teachings of the Shari’ah.

Salat

Hadrat Umar رضي الله عنه thus advised Hadrat Utbah bin Ghazwan رضي الله عنه after appointing him commander of the army: “Adhere strictly to taqwa (piety) and justice in all your decisions. Offer your salāt punctually and engage excessively in the remembrance of Allah.”

Hadrat Umar رضي الله عنه handed a memorandum to his governors, emphasizing the importance of salāt upon them: “Salāt is the most important regulation of Islam. If you can uphold it meticulously, the rest of Islam will be easy to practice. The person that is neglectful of it, will certainly neglect the rest of Dīn.”

Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم, at the time of hardship and crisis, used to immediately resort to salāt.

Hadrat Abu Darda رضي الله عنه reports that when a strong wind used to blow, Rasulullah صلى الله عليه وسلم would enter the Masjid and resort to salāt until the storm subsided.

Many Sahabah report similar narrations of his hastening towards salāt at times of calamity, fear, or darkness. One Sahabi reports that this was the habit of all the previous Prophets and the majority of the Sahabah.

Oppression – Its Results 

History is replete with incidents of the destruction of the oppressor and the alleviation of the oppressed. Did Allah not disgrace Namrūd at the hands of his populace and destroy him through an insignificant mosquito?

Did He not protect His friend, Hadrat Ibrahim عليه السلام, from the blazing inferno and convert it into a garden of bliss? Thus Allah assists the oppressed and destroys the oppressors.

Did Allah not crush the proud and mighty Pharoah and elevate the oppressed and down-trodden Bani Isrā’īl?

Did Allah not preserve the little boy that was so mercilessly hurled into a deserted well, sold for a few coins, who was falsely accused and imprisoned, and finally elevate him to the throne of Egypt and honor him with the crown of nubuwwah? (Hadrat Yusuf عليه السلام)

Did Allah not humble and subjugate the proud and haughty Meccans that forced His beloved and his companions out of their birthplaces? Did He not bring the day of glorious victory at the conquest of Makkah when the arch-enemy was running helter-skelter out of terror, begging for mercy and compassion?

On the other, the ungrateful citizens of Iraq constantly harassed their just and compassionate rulers. As a result, Allah appointed Hajjāj bin Yusuf over them whose tyranny, cruelty, and harshness knew no bounds.

Lessons From History

History bears ample testimony to the fact that so long as the Muslims continued to uphold the Qur’an and hadith in their daily lives, countries – nay, empires crumbled at their feet. Small bands of devout Muslims were sufficient to awestruck and demolish mighty forces. Emperors of superpowers trembled at the mere thought of the Muslims.

Yet these very victors of mighty empires, when they succumbed to comforts and luxuries, discarded the Qur’an and hadith, resorted to oppression and cruelty of their subjugates, became power-drunk and arrogant and indulged openly in wine and women, fell from the glorious pinnacles of civilization and progress into the abyss of disgrace and stagnation.

Tragedy of Baghdad

Baghdad, which had enjoyed the position of being the capital of the mighty Islamic empire for decades, makes a tragic history lesson for the Muslims. The superficial Muslims of this grand city that was the home of great educational institutions (Darul Ulūms) and spiritual reformatories (khānqahs), and the seat of science, technology, research, arts and skills, resorted to oppression of the non-Muslim population of their city. They were denied the basic human rights and benefits that Islam so magnanimously confers upon the non-Muslim inhabitants of a Muslim state. When this injustice reached an unbearable stage, an old man from the non-Muslims climbed a nearby mountain and – in sheer helplessness – called out to the “God of the Muslims”, whom the Muslims claimed was so Just and Compassionate, to assist the oppressed and down-trodden. A voice from the unseen called out to him:

“Prepare yourselves and attack! We will assist you.” The non-Muslims made a sudden and a most terrific onslaught upon the Muslims. So terrible was the result of the carnage that only 600,000 survived out of a total of 2 million. 1.4 million were massacred in no time. One non-Muslim single handedly slaughtered a contingent of 150 fully armed Muslim soldiers. A non-Muslim woman killed 50 Muslim soldiers all on her own. This was in revenge for the years of oppression they were made to suffer. Allah turned the tables and granted victory to the down trodden nation of the oppressed, for verily He is Rabb al-‘Ālamīn, The Lord of the Universe – not only of the Muslims. The non-Muslims are also His creation and subjects.

Thereafter, this marauding band of non-Muslim victors held a conference. All were unanimous that it was the “God of the Muslims” that answered their plea and call for assistance. They thus concluded that such a god was truly worthy of worship. The Muslims were disobedient to their god and never abided to the teachings of their religion, thus they were disgraced. Hence, Islam was a true religion. They unanimously decided to accept Islam and ruled over the Islamic empire for centuries (over 17 generations). It is the law of Allah:

“If you turn away, He will replace you with another nation. They will not be (disobedient) like you.” (Qur’an 47:38)

The Bloody History of India

The rise and fall of Muslim rule in India is a heart-rendering history lesson for the Muslims. A mere force of 12,000 men conquered this mighty land. Year after year, Muslims progressed and thrived. Their rulers were just, kind, and pious. For centuries they held sway over this huge empire. Degeneration slowly set in and the Muslim rulers fell prey to comfort, luxury, and pleasures. They ignored the affairs of the state. Soon, corruption and oppression became rife and in a short time, Muslim rule was sliding down the muddy path of degeneration and rushing headlong towards total disintegration. Shah Walīullah (ra), in his spiritual farsightedness and political insight, went door-to-door through the streets of the Muslim capital, Delhi, and warned the people of imminent disaster. “O my People! Abstain from the disobedience of Allah. I have visions of rivers of blood flowing down the streets of Delhi.”

People laughed him off and swept aside his entreating most disdainfully as the raving and ranting of a mad “mullah”!

Eventually, the dreaded disaster dawned. The enemy attacked and overnight, thousands were massacred. The streets of Delhi were a ghastly sight. Human corpses lined the streets and “rivers of blood flowed down the streets of Delhi.” Other corpses were dumped into the Jamna River (a massive river of India) that resulted in a blockage of the water flow (imagine the number of bodies to cause such an obstruction). The entire river water turned red with human blood. This is the tragic but true tale of the Muslims of India.

Slumber of the Muslim Nation

With great regret and sorrow it has to be noted that despite all these upheavals, the Muslim nation continues to slumber away. Never have they taken lesson from their past and never have they formulated a directive and a goal for the future. Never have we pondered over the vicissitudes of life, the daily lessons of the change of tides in the affairs of the world. Despite being totally insignificant in the affairs of the world and in the eyes of non-Muslims, we continue to labor away in this false sense of pride that we once ruled the world. The Muslims continue to lead a sedentary existence of listlessness, heedlessness, indulgence in luxuries and pleasures, false pride and vain glory, sin, crime and transgression, oppression and exploitation, ignorance in trade, commerce, science and technology. On the other hand they are involved in mutual hatred, enmity, racism, discrimination, embroiled against each other in court cases and lawsuits. Their ignorance of religion compels them to uphold meaningless customs and rituals; and competing against each other in these, they spend lavishly and large sums of money, involving themselves at times in massive debts accompanied by hefty percentages of interest. Ultimately they have to sell hearth and home to alleviate these crushing financial disasters and land up as penniless paupers on the side of streets. Due to lethargy and indolence they are not prepared to undertake labor or any menial occupations and finally end up as the scum and scavengers of society: abject beggars at the doors of all and sundry. What a dismal picture! When will we awake?

The Cure

This is merely a framework and a totally elementary program for general upliftment and reform of the Muslim ummah:

Every Muslim, male and female, must immediately resolve to at least fulfill the basic requirements of Islam, salāt in particular.
A massive educational program to be specially launched on an organized basis with emphasis on religious education and education of adults.
Basing our social life on the sunnah and our economical activities solely on the laws of the Shari’ah.
Total abstention from mutual conflicts and in-fighting.
In case of contention, to amicably solve any problems through proper arbitration.
Encouragement of business, trade, and skills.
Dissociation from all customs and rituals at the time of birth, marriages, funerals, and other occasions.
Particular emphasis on cleanliness, tidiness, health education, and physical fitness.
May Allah grant all Muslims the good of both the worlds.


Source: http://www.ilmgate.org
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Footnotes:

[1] The original article’s listing of the 15 traits was replaced by the actual hadith from Tirmidhi in which the 15 traits are reported.

Marriage tips from the Quran and Sunnah

In Islam, one of the major parts of the life of a person is getting married. Both male and female are encouraged to get married in Islam at the earliest. Moreover, besides the general commendation of marriage, Islam also tells its followers to build such a marital relationship where both the partners live happily and provide a better environment and grooming to their future generation.

The increasing rate of divorce in the Western world is all because of the fact that there is no institute that could provide them with guidelines on how to live in a relationship where both the partners can contribute to happiness of each other, share sorrows and take life forward. In this regard, Muslims are truly blessed, as Allah Almighty has given instructions to Muslims on how they can have a healthy marital relationship and live according to Islamic way of life.

The lines below discuss some tips that can help in leading a healthy marital relationship in an Islamic way.

Take Guidance From Quran:

The first and foremost important thing that can help both the partners in the relationship have a good and successful marital relationship is the guidance from understanding the Holy Quran. Both men and women need to take guidance from Quran pertaining to the roles and duties they have to play in the relationship in order to make it a success.  In Quran, Allah Almighty says:

“Men (males) are responsible for women (females) because of what Allah has given one over the other (in strength) and they (males) spend (for females maintenance) from their wealth. So righteous women are obedient (to Allah), guarding in (husband’s) absence what Allah wants them to guard. But for those (wives) from whom you obser5ve arrogance and refusal, admonish them; (if they persist), leave their beds; and (lastly), tap (percus) them. But if they comply, seek no further means against them. Indeed, Allah is ever Exalted and Grand.”(4:34)

In this ayah of Quran, Allah Almighty has clearly mentioned the responsibility of a husband towards a wife and the way a wife needs to perform her role in return. Both male and female should live by respecting their roles. Once they have established their role and know what they ought to do, the conflicts start diminishing and as a result, the relation grows to be healthy and strong.

Care For Each Other:

The second important thing to make the marital relation a success is caring for each other. Usually women are associated with the role of care and taking care of the expenditure made on the family. However, males are also responsible for taking care of the family and one way of doing so is by spending from their income on the well being and happiness of the family members. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said in one of His hadiths:

“The best among you is who is best to his family” (Tirmidhi)

Therefore, regardless of whether it is a man or a women they both ought to be good to their family members whether it is their children, parents, brothers and sisters or the they both towards each other.

Compliment:

Next to care where both husband and wife perform their roles with the element of affection in it, the other thing that can help make the relationship healthy and full of love is complimenting each other. One of the major reasons why the marriages of today fail is the fact that the partners fail to complement each other and appreciate each other for all the good things they have. When the process of complimenting each other stops, the ultimate result is the flaws and ills surfacing which consequently lead to an unhealthy relationship, therefore, both husband and wife should and must complement each other.

Control The Anger:

Islam in general has forbidden anger as it leads to all kinds of hasty decision and haughty discussions. Therefore, in a marital relationship, both husband and wife need to control their anger, as when the anger is control, the ultimate result is they both listening to each other and try to figure things out. On the other hand, when there is anger, it clouds the judgment and in this clouded judgment they pass harsh remarks which leads to haughty discussion that consequently loosens the bond of love between the two, hence, husband and wife both must try practicing control over their anger.

Have Fun:

The misconception about Islam is that people think that it is all boring and tedious with no element of fun or enjoyment in it. The fact of the matter is that Islam wants the partners to enjoy a healthy relationship, hence to make life healthy and entertaining, the couple should go out to visit places, play games in the home, try to have fun by having humorous conversations and so on.

Trust:

Above all the most important thing that is required to keep the relationship healthy and strong is trust. Both husband and wife should trust each other in every regard. This trust should be present in every matter of life, whether it is reaching some decision, protection of property, honor or any kind. When this trust is present between the two, on the basis of it they both can overcome any situation and enjoy a long and healthy relationship.

Conclusion:

In a nutshell, if husband and wife realize their duties and refrain from all what Islam instructs a person to refrain from and do what Islam instructs them to do, then there should be no doubt that the relationship will be a healthy one full of love.

Life and prayer: getting it right

By: Daliah Merzaban

Before I genuinely began to cultivate and nurture my relationship with God, I regarded the five daily prayers that Islam enjoins on believers as laborious. It seemed impractical to expect that I would be able to stop what I was doing during my busy work schedule to take time out and pray.

Working as a news wire journalist, I was often spending upwards of 10 hours a day in the office or at conferences, interviews and meetings, barely able to make time for a lunch break. If I wasn’t working, my time was divided between house chores, errands, family and friends, and exercise. I was punctual with everything in my life,except that I was late five times a day.

In my mind, it was not viable to expect that I could wake up before the crack of dawn to pray the early-morning prayer, fajr, otherwise I would be too tired to work effectively later that morning. It also seemed inefficient to interrupt my work meetings to pray duhr, the mid-day prayer, and asr, the afternoon prayer.

Making the sunset prayer maghrib was often a challenge because the window to pray is typically quite short and coincides with the time between finishing work, having dinner and returning home. So, in effect, the only prayer that was feasible for me to pray on time was isha, the evening prayer. For most of my life, thus, I would at best pray all five prayers in the evening, or skip prayers here and there to accommodate my immediate commitments.

Without realising it, my inconsistency and approach to praying trivialised the principle behind performing prayers throughout the day. I believed in God and loved Him, but on my own terms, not on the terms very clearly set out in the Quran and Prophetic teachings. Yet praying the five daily prayers, at their prescribed times, is the backbone of being a Muslim; we cannot stand upright in our faith without them. It is one of the essential practices that God has called on those who endeavour to live in Islam, a state of existence whereby a human strives to live in submission to God.

When I came to truly understand the importance of prayer, the realisation was both overwhelming and quick. It dawned on me that if I was not fulfilling this precondition, then I really could not claim to be Muslim. Even if I desired to have a solid connection with the Almighty I was not taking the necessary steps to do so. I promptly reoriented my life and it has now been a year and a half that I have not intentionally missed a prayer time, whether I am in the office, mall, grocery store, out with friends or travelling.

Looking back, I see how wrong I was about the impracticality of Islamic prayers, which are succinct and straightforward notwithstanding their resonance. When I moved from trying to fit prayers into my life to fitting my life around my prayer schedule, I instantly removed a great deal of clutter from my daily routine. Since regular prayer promotes emotional consistency and tranquillity, I began to eliminate excess negativity and cut down on unnecessary chitchat, helping me be more focused, productive and patient.

Over a short period of time, what amazed me was how easy and fluid the prayers became. Performing the early-morning prayer actually gave me a burst of energy during the day and, gradually, the prayers that I had initially perceived as cumbersome became an essential facet of my routine. With God’s help, I would find ways to make a prayer regardless of the hurdles. While in Canada for the summer, I would often catch duhr prayer in a department store fitting room, with the help of a handy Islamic prayer compass application on my Iphone.

“‘Verily the soul becomes accustomed to what you accustom it to.’ That is to say: what you at first burden the soul with becomes nature to it in the end.”
This is a line drawn from a magnificent book I am in the process of reading by great Islamic thinker Al-Ghazali, entitled “Invocations and Supplications: Book IX of the Revival of Religious Sciences.” Al-Ghazali describes a series of formulas, drawn from the Qur’an and Hadith, which we can repeat to help us attain greater proximity to the divine and purify our hearts.

At each turn in my quest to enrich my faith, I have found that what at first appears difficult becomes easy when performed with sincerity. Soon after I reoriented my life to revolve around prayer, the five prayers felt insufficient in expressing my devotion. I examined Hadith, or the traditions of Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and discovered there were optional prayers I could add to my routine. Since then, I have not let a day pass without praying them.

To supplement my prayers, I have integrated various zikr, or remembrance and mentioning of God, into my days. Zikr, including repeating such phrases as “la illa ha il Allah” (There is no God but God), habitually draws our attention back to God.

Among the many rich invocations mentioned in Ghazali’s book is this one which I have started to incorporate. As we leave our houses each day, if we say “In the name of God” (Bismillah), God will guide us; when we add “I trust in God” (Tawakalt al Allah), God will protect us; and if we conclude with “There is no might or power save with God” (La hawla wa la quwwata illa billah), God will guard us.

I suppose to an outsider, these acts of devotion can appear a bit obsessive, and I have had a couple of people say this to me. Yet it is an obsession with the greatest possible consequences that can improve rather than disintegrate one’s disposition. The more time I devote to God, the greater the peace of mind I find filling my life and the more focused I become on what is important — such as treating my family and friends honourably, working hard in my job, giving charity with compassion and generosity, and maintaining integrity.

Remembering God throughout the day, through prayer and invocation, truly does polish the heart as Hadith teaches; you erase obstructions that would impede faith in its purest form.

“Truly when a man loves a thing, he repeatedly mentions it, and when he repeatedly mentions a thing, even if that may be burdensome, he loves it,” writes Ghazali.


Source: https://muslimvillage.com

Daily Adhkar (Invocations)

Below are some of the Adhkar (invocations) we use on a daily basis.

Waking up

الْحَمْدُ للهِ الَّذِي أَحْيَانَا بَعْدَ مَا أَمَاتَنَا وَإِلَيْهِ النُّشُورُ Alhamdu lillaahil-lathee 'ahyaanaa ba'da maa 'amaatanaa wa'ilayhin-nushoor ​ Praise is to Allah Who gives us life after He has caused us to die and to Him is the return.

​.

Going to the bathroom

When entering ​اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْخُبُْثِ وَالْخَبَائِثِ Allaahumma 'innee 'a'oothu bika minal-khubthi walkhabaa'ith ​ O Allah , I seek protection in You from the male and female unclean spirits. When leaving ​​ غُفْرَانَكَ Ghufraanaka ​ I seek Your forgiveness.

Making wudhu (abolition)

Before starting بِسْمِ اللهِ Bismillah In the Name of Allah

Upon completion

​أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

Ash-hadu 'an laa 'ilaaha 'illallaahu wahdahu laa shareeka lahu wa 'ash-hadu 'anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa Rasooluhu

I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah alone, Who has no partner; and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger.


اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنِي مِنَ التَّوَّابِينَ وَاجْعَلْنِي مِنَ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ

Allaahummaj'alnee minat-tawwaabeena waj'alnee minal-mutatahhireen
​
O Allah, make me among those who turn to You in repentance, and make me among those who are purified.

Leaving the House

بِسْمِ اللهِ، تَوَكَّلْتُ عَلَى اللهِ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللهِ Bismillaahi, tawakkaltu 'alallaahi, wa laa hawla wa laa quwwata ‘ illaa billaah ​ In the Name of Allah, I have placed my trust in Allah, there is no might and no power except by Allah.

Entering & Leaving the Masjid

Upon entering  ​اللَّهُمَّ افْتَحْ لِي أَبْوَابَ رَحْمَتِكَ Allaahum-maftah lee 'abwaaba rahmatika ​ O Allah, open before me the doors of Your mercy

When leaving 

اللَّهُمَّ إَنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ

Allaahumma 'innee 'as'aluka min fadhlika

O Allah, I ask for Your favour

When Entering the home

بِسْمِ اللهِ وَلَجْنَا، وَ بِسْمِ اللهِ خَرَجْنَا، وَعَلَى رَبِّنَا تَوَكَّلْنَا

Bismillaahi walajnaa, wa bismillaahi kharajnaa, wa 'alaaRabblnaa tawakkalnaa

In the Name of Allah we enter , in the Name of Allah we leave , and upon our Lord we trust

Before sleeping

بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ أَمُوتُ وَأَحْيَا Bismika Allaahumma 'amootu wa 'ahyaa. ​In Your Name , O Allah , I die and I live.

Source: Hisn AlMuslim (Fortress of a Muslim) 

Hijab- The Modesty Crown of Muslim Women

Islam clearly states modesty as part of faith. Besides decency in manners and character, the word Modesty holds deep meanings in Islam. It is rightly to be linked with appropriate dressing which doesn’t reveal any private parts or inner beauty of the wearer so that when someone looks at that person whether male or female, doesn’t feel attracted or misled in any way. In Islam, not only women but also men are ordered to adorn themselves in a way that is most decent and the clear orders for both in this regard have been clearly mentioned in the Holy verses number 30 and 31 of Surah Nur.

With regards to the attire of Muslim Women, they are entitled to cover their heads up with a crown of modesty, and it is made obligatory for them. To be specific, this modesty crown is referred to as Hijab. Hijab can be specified as not only a piece of cloth with which head can be covered, but an outer piece of cloak type garment that will cover the whole body except face and wrists of both the hands.

While reading this article, readers must understand the purpose of life. The first and foremost duty of Muslims in this life is to worship none other than Allah; to follow what He has revealed and made obligatory for us. There is no confusion among the great scholars of Islam that Hijab is a must for every Muslim woman to follow. Without a doubt for a Muslim woman, in Hijab, lies the betterment of both worlds as obeying this beautiful commandment of Allah Almighty they are promised to achieve huge rewards.

Regarding Hijab in the Quranic verse it has been clearly mentioned that –

“O Prophet! Tell thy wives and daughters, and the believing women, that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when abroad): that is most convenient, that they should be known (as such) and not molested. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (Al-Ahzab 33:59)

Allah Almighty has granted Muslim women this beautiful gift of Hijab to protect them from being mistreated while being treated with respect and honored. It’s not at all a symbol of oppression or compulsion as the West thinks but a real crown of modesty and a beautiful treasure which we Muslim women must wear with pride. Holy Quran says,

“And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms ….” (Al-Nur, 24:31)

So the above Quranic verses are a clear guidance for the Muslim women to wear their Hijab properly especially when they are in front of non-mahrams, and Allah Almighty only knows best. A Muslim woman in hijab is like a pearl and in Islam the highest dignity and honor has been given to the women. While wearing Hijab, women should not feel shy or oppressed in any means. She should feel the freedom in wearing it. And the most important thing is while wearing this modesty crown she should also make efforts to purify her soul. Modest behavior, decent attitude, moderate way of talking etc., these characteristics add much more honor and dignity for Muslim women. In other words, these features make her complete.

Pillars, Obligatory & Sunnah elements in Salah

There are many Sunnahs of prayer, both words and actions. What is meant by Sunnahs is things other than the pillars (essential parts) and obligatory parts of the prayer. Some of the fuqaha’ stated that there are seventeen verbal Sunnahs in prayer, and fifty-five actions which are Sunnah. The prayer is not invalidated if one omits one of these actions, even if that is done deliberately, unlike the pillars and obligatory parts. The difference between a pillar and an obligatory part is that a pillar cannot be waived, whether one omits it deliberately or by mistake, rather it must be done.

An obligatory part is waived if one forgets, and it can be compensated for by doing the prostration of forgetfulness (sujood al-sahw). It may be useful here to mention the pillars of prayer and its obligatory parts, followed by some of its Sunnahs, based on the book Daleel al-Taalib, which is a well known summary used by Hanbali fuqaha’.

1.The pillars of prayer, of which there are fourteen, as follows: 

1. Standing during obligatory prayers if one is able to do so
2. The opening takbeer (saying “Allaahu akbar”)
3. Reciting al-Faatihah
4. Rukoo’ (bowing), the least of which means bending so that the hands can touch the knees, but the most complete form means making the back level and the head parallel with it.
5. Rising from bowing
6. Standing up straight
7. Sujood (prostration), the most perfect form of which is placing the forehead, nose, palms, knees and toes firmly on the ground, and the least of which is placing a part of each of these on the ground.
8. Rising from prostration
9. Sitting between the two prostrations. However one sits is good enough, but the Sunnah is to sit muftarishan, which means sitting on the left foot and holding the right foot upright with the toes pointing towards the qiblah.
10. Being at ease in each of these physical pillars
11. The final tashahhud
12. Sitting to recite the final tashahhud and the two salaams
13. The two salaams. This means saying twice, “al-salaamu ‘alaykum wa rahmat-Allaah (Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allaah).” In naafil prayers it is sufficient to say one salaam; the same also applies to the funeral prayer.
14. Doing the pillars in the order mentioned here. If a person deliberately prostrates before bowing, for example, the prayer is invalidated; if he does that by mistake, he has to go back and bow, and then prostrate.

2 .The obligatory parts of prayer, of which there are eight, as follows: 

1. Takbeers other than the opening takbeer
2. Saying “Sami’a Allaahu liman hamidah (Allaah hears those who praise Him” – for the imam and for the one who is praying alone.
3. Saying “Rabbana wa laka’l-hamd (Our Lord, to You be praise)”
4. Saying “Subhaana rabbiy al-‘azeem (Glory be to my Lord Almighty)” once when bowing
5. Saying “Subhaana rabbiy al-a’laa (Glory be to my Lord most High)” once when prostrating
6. Saying “Rabb ighfir li (Lord forgive me)” between the two prostrations
7. The first tashahhud
8. Sitting for the first tashahhud

3.The Sunnah words of the prayer, of which there are eleven, as follows: 

1. Saying after the opening takbeer, “Subhaanaka Allaahumma wa bi hamdika, wa tabaaraka ismuka, wa ta’aala jadduka wa laa ilaaha ghayruka (Glory and praise be to You, O Allaah; blessed be Your name, exalted be Your Majesty, and there is no god but You).” This is called du’aa’ al-istiftaah (opening du’aa’)
2. Seeking refuge with Allaah
3. Saying Bismillaah
4. Saying Ameen
5. Reciting a soorah after al-Faatihah
6. Reciting out loud, in the case of the imam
7. Saying after the tahmeed (Rabbana wa laka’l-hamd), for one who is not praying behind an imam: “Mil’ al-samawaati wa mil’ al-ard wa mil’ ma shi’ta min shay’in ba’d (Filling the heavens, filling the earth, and filling whatever else You wish).” (The correct view is that it is also Sunnah for one who is praying in congregation)
8. Saying the tasbeeh when bowing more than once, such as a second or third time or more
9. Saying the tasbeeh in prostration more than once
10. Saying “Rabb ighfir li (Lord forgive me)” more than once between the two prostrations
11. Sending prayers upon the family of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in the last tashahhud and sending blessings upon him and upon them, and saying du’aa’ after that.

4 .Actions which are Sunnah, which are called postures: 

1. Raising the hands when saying the opening takbeer
2. Raising the hands when bowing
3. Raising the hands when rising from bowing
4. Dropping them after that
5. Placing the right hand over the left
6. Looking towards the place of prostration
7. Standing with the feet apart
8. Holding the knees with fingers spread apart when bowing, holding the back straight and making the head parallel with it.
9. Placing the parts of the body on which one prostrates firmly on the ground, apart from the knees, because it is makrooh to press them firmly on the ground.
10. Keeping the elbows away from the sides, and the belly from the thighs, and the thighs from the calves; keeping the knees apart; holding the feet upright; holding the toes apart on the ground; placing the hands level with the shoulders with the fingers spread.
11. Sitting muftarishan between the two prostrations and in the first tashahhud, and sitting mutawarrikan in the second tashahhud.
12. Placing the hands on the thighs with the fingers together between the two prostrations, and in the tashahhud, except that in the latter the pinkie and ring fingers should be held in, a circle made with the middle finger and thumb, and one should point with the forefinger when remembering Allaah.
13. Turning to the right and left when saying the salaam

There are some differences of opinion among the fuqaha’ regarding some of these issues; what is regarded as obligatory by some is regarded as Sunnah by others. This is discussed in detail in the books of fiqh.
And Allaah knows best.

Source: IslamQA & Sheikh Assim AlHakeem

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